Alsatian wines are a vibrant expression of terroir, tradition, and typicity, where the label is a map to aromatic precision and regional pride. Nestled between the Vosges Mountains and the Rhine River in northeastern France, Alsace is a region where geology and climate intersect to produce some of the world’s most expressive, aromatic white wines. The area is protected by the Vosges Mountains making it the second driest region in France. It also receives lots of sunshine during the day and cool nights which allows for slow grape ripens that produce complex, aromatic and balanced wines. 89% of the wines produced in Alsace are white wines.
The labels here are straightforward, often listing the grape variety, which is rare in France, and the region’s classification system is designed to highlight both varietal character and site specificity. Let me tell you about their wine labelling system so you can better understand what is in the bottle, and which bottle you may wish to buy.
The Structure of Alsace Wine Labels
Unlike many other French regions, Alsatian wines are typically varietally labelled, making it easier for wine drinkers to identify their preferences. The key grapes of Alsace include Riesling, Gewurztraminer, Pinot Gris, Muscat, and Sylvaner, with Pinot Blanc and Pinot Noir also playing supporting roles. The wine labels will often include:
- Appellation: Most wines carry the AOC Alsace designation.
- Grape Variety: Clearly stated, e.g., “Riesling” or “Gewurztraminer.”
- Producer Name: Often a family domaine or a cooperative.
- Vintage: Year of harvest.
- Optional Terms: “Vendanges Tardives” (late harvest) or “Sélection de Grains Nobles” (noble rot selection) for sweet wines.
The Three Appellations of Alsace
1. AOC Alsace
This is the broadest designation, covering wines from across the region. These are typically single-varietal wines, vinified dry, and meant to express the purity of the grape. Riesling from Alsace under this label is bone-dry, mineral-driven, and citrusy, while Gewurztraminer is lush, floral, and spicy.
2. AOC Alsace Grand Cru
Reserved for wines from 51 officially recognized vineyard sites, this designation emphasizes terroir. Only four noble grapes, Riesling, Gewurztraminer, Pinot Gris, and Muscat, are permitted. The name of the Grand Cru vineyard appears on the label, often alongside the grape variety. These wines are more concentrated, age-worthy, and often show greater complexity. Examples include Brand, Schlossberg, and Rangen.
3. Crémant d’Alsace
Alsace’s answer to Champagne, Crémant is a sparkling wine made using the traditional method. It’s typically a blend of Pinot Blanc, Auxerrois, and Chardonnay, though Pinot Noir rosé versions are increasingly popular. Labels will state “Crémant d’Alsace” and may include the grape varieties used.
Terroir and Style
Alsace’s geological diversity with granite, limestone, sandstone, and volcanic soils help create microclimates that influence a wine’s style. The region’s dry, sunny climate allows grapes to ripen fully while preserving acidity. This results in wines that are aromatic, structured, and food-friendly.
Soil effects on wine according to VinsAlsace:
Final Thoughts
Alsace wines are a celebration of clarity, both in the glass and on the label. Whether you are sipping a dry Riesling from a village vineyard or a Grand Cru Gewurztraminer with exotic spices, the label tells a story of place, grape, and tradition. For wine lovers seeking transparency and typicity, Alsace is a region that delivers precision and charm.
